What are the advantages and disadvantages of lithium batteries?

Lithium batteries have the following advantages:

   
1. The working voltage of the single battery is as high as 3.6-3.8V.

   
2, the energy is large, the actual energy that can be achieved at present is 100-115Wh/kg and 240-253Wh/L (2 times Nl-Cd, 1.5 times Ni-MH). In the future, with the development of technology, the energy can be as high as 150Wh/ Kg and 400Wh/L

3, the cycle life is long, generally can reach more than 500 times, or even 1000 times. For small current discharge electrical appliances, the battery life will be greatly increased.

   
4, good safety performance, no pollution, no memory effect. The previous generation of lithium batteries, due to metal lithium easily formed short circuit, reduced its application areas: Li-ion does not contain cadmium, lead, mercury and other environmental pollution Element: A major drawback of some Ni-Cd batteries is the “memory effect”, which severely binds the battery, but Li-ion does not have this problem at all.

   
5, self-discharge is small, the self-discharge rate of Li-ion fully charged at room temperature after storage for 1 month is about 10%, much lower than 25-30% of Ni-Cd, 30-35% of Ni and MH.

Lithium batteries also have disadvantages such as:

1) The battery cost is high. Mainly reflected in the high price of LiCoO2 (less resources of Co), the electrolyte system is difficult to purify.

2) Can not discharge at high current. Due to the organic electrolyte system and the like, the internal resistance of the battery is larger than that of other types of batteries. Therefore, a smaller discharge current density is required, and the general discharge current is below 0.5C, which is only suitable for small and medium-sized electrical appliances.

3) Need to protect the line control.

A. Overcharge protection: Overcharging of the battery will destroy the positive structure and affect performance and life. At the same time, overcharge will cause the electrolyte to decompose, and the internal pressure will be too high, leading to leakage and other problems.

B. Over-discharge protection: Over-discharge will lead to difficulty in recovery of active substances, so protection line control is also required.